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Ōnin War
The was a civil war that lasted 10 years (1467–1477) during the Muromachi period in Japan.〔In the name "''Ōnin'' War," the noun "''Ōnin''" refers to the ''nengō'' (Japanese era name) after "''Bunshō''" and before "''Bunmei''." In other words, the ''Ōnin'' War occurred during ''Ōnin'', which was a time period spanning the years from 1467 through 1469.〕 A dispute between Hosokawa Katsumoto and Yamana Sōzen escalated into a nationwide war involving the Ashikaga shogunate and a number of daimyo in many regions of Japan.
The war initiated the Sengoku jidai, "the Warring States Period". This period was a long, drawn-out struggle for domination by individual daimyo, resulting in a mass power-struggle between the various houses to dominate the whole of Japan. During this long period three individuals emerged who would unite Japan under one rule; they were Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu.
==Origin==
The ''Ōnin'' conflict began as a controversy over who would become shogun after the retirement or death of Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa. In 1464, Yoshimasa had no heir. He persuaded his younger brother, Ashikaga Yoshimi, to abandon the life of a monk, and Yoshimi was named heir. In 1465, the unanticipated birth of a son to Yoshimasa put these plans in question. The infant, Yoshihisa, caused friction between the two brothers.〔Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron,'' p. 331.〕
Hosokawa had always worked closely with the Shogun's brother Ashikaga Yoshimi, and supported his claim to the shogunate. Yamana took this as an opportunity to oppose Hosokawa further, supporting the child as heir to the Shogunate. War broke out in the city of Heian-kyō (Kyoto). This was regarded by the Ashikaga Shogun as an act of rebellion, and thus the Ashikaga and their supporters were forced to try to stop it. The Ashikaga tried to prevent the outbreak of war over the next heir, but the situation escalated into a war that designated the leader of the victorious party as the next shogun. In 1467 the uncertainty had caused a split amongst the warrior clans; and the succession dispute became a pretext for a struggle for military supremacy. In the end, there was no clear-cut winner. The complex array of factional armies simply fought themselves into exhaustion.〔Varley, H. Paul. (1973). ''Japanese Culture: A Short History,'' p. 84.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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